Isabelle Huppert

Convinced that a series of coincidences involving a doorman hold some secret to life's largest riddles, Albert Markovski seeks the help of a detective agency unlike any other... which leads him down a path that questions the essence of existence itself.

Responsibility versus happiness. Jean Barnery is a young Protestant cleric in Barbazac in 1900 when he divorces his severe wife after falling in love with Pauline, the independent-minded niece of an upper-crust parishioner. Jean's also an heir to a high-end porcelain factory in Limoges. He gives his fortune to his wife to assuage his guilt over the divorce. He pursues Pauline; they marry and live idyllically in Switzerland. Then, duty calls... (imdb)

After the death of his second wife, concert pianist André Polonski remarries his first wife, Swiss chocolate-company heiress Mika Muller. Soon a young piano student, Jeanne Polet, gets the idea that she may be André's daughter. She visits his house in Lausanne, gets to know André's son Guillaume who was born on the same day as she, and starts taking piano lessons from André... (imdb)

Erika (Huppert) is a piano teacher at a prestigious music school in Vienna. In her early forties and single, she lives with her overprotective and controlling mother (Girardot). Lonely and alienated, Erika finds solace by visiting sex shops and experimenting with masochism. (Kino International)

Sylvie is a hooker whose illegitimate daughter commits a crime. She and her daughter flee to find Sylvie's first love in the countryside. The daughter is trying to get to know her unwilling mother. Along the way, the two meet a male fugitive and bond with each other.

Fashion executive Dominique's obsession for Quentin, a young bisexual hustler, fills her desire for physical love but leaves her taxed emotionally. Twists and turns in the relationship, along with the man's violent and abusive nature, force Dominique to reconcile the conflicts created by her passion. In this quest, Dominique is aided [and sometimes hindered] by friends, clients, and Quentin's former and current acquaintances. (imdb)

An apocalyptic calamity has left the people of Europe struggling to survive amidst drastic shortages of food and water. A couple decides to flee the city to their country house with what meager supplies they can find in hopes of protecting their children. To their surprise and horror they find the house already occupied by another equally desperate family. The ensuing confrontation forever changes their -- setting them adrift in a chaotic, often indifferent world in which their survival hinges on the strained compassion of those they encounter. (Palm Pictures)

One murdered man, eight women, each seeming to be more eager than the others to know the truth. Gimme, gimme, gimme some clues to make up my mind. And eventually enter the truth. Oh, thou cruel woman! (imdb)

Pierre, a youth, comes from his grandmother's in France to stay with his parents in the Canary Islands. His father talks oddly about his lost youth and leaves abruptly for France. Mom promises to take Pierre to a nightclub, remarking that people will think he's her lover. He prays. His father dies in France, and his mother wants him to empty his father's office; Pierre finds it full of pornography... (imdb)

Heinz Bütler interviews Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) late in life. Cartier-Bresson pulls out photographs, comments briefly, and holds them up to Bütler's camera. A few others share observations, including Isabelle Huppert, Arthur Miller, and Josef Koudelka. Cartier-Bresson talks about his travels, including Mexico in the 1930s, imprisonment during World War II, being with Gandhi moments before his assassination, and returning to sketching late in life.

Pialat's portrait of contemporary France mocks prosperity as a substitute for social and sexual revolution (imdb)

In nineteenth-century France, the romantic daughter of a country squire (Emma Rouault) marries a dull country doctor (Charles Bovary)... (imdb)

The marriage between Gabrielle (Huppert) and Jean (Greggory) begins to fray after the discovery of a letter that belongs to Gabrielle. (imdb)

After the death of her little boy, Anita wants to take her own life.

1938, in a French african colony. Lucien Cordier is the cop of this village, populated with blacks and a few whites (usually dumb, racialist and lustful) (imdb)

Sophie, a quiet and shy maid working for the upper-class family Lelievre, hides her illiteracy under the cloak of a perfect household and obedience. She finds a friend in the energetic and uncompromising postmaster Jeanne, who encourages her to stand up against her bourgeois employers. Things start to escalate as the Lelievres find out that Sophie can't read and has brought Jeanne into their house against their wish. (imdb)

An older man and a younger woman find love, with his time in jail the unlikely catalyst. (Allmovie)

Madame de Maintenon, a courtesan to the royal court and wife to King Louis XIV, opens a special school for girls, seeking to educate young ladies of distinguished parentage but limited financial means. (Answers.com)

Triptych about a trio of unconnected people who struggle through the loneliness of their lives. (Allmovie)

Beatrice is a very reserved and quiet young woman. Her friend Marylene is left by her lover and brings her to Cabourg (Normandy) for a few days' vacation (imdb)

A vivacious girl, stranded in an Alpine ski resort, is rescued by two friends. She finds herself drawn to each of them and complications abound as the men are troubled by her friendliness.

After the suicide of her husband, a widow is trying to get a confession from his mistress that it was her fault. (imdb)

One night at the cinema, Pierre reaches for out to take Anne's hand. She is annoyed and rebuffs him... (imdb)

A housewife in Nazi-occupied France struggles to make ends meet when her husband returns home after being wounded in the war. (imdb)

Isabelle is an ex-nun waiting for her special mission from God. In the meantime, she is making a living writing pornography... (imdb)

Avant-garde director Werner Schroeter's Deux (Two) is a willfully disjointed film about twin sisters played by Isabelle Huppert. As newborns, the two girls were separated. The film intercuts snippets from their lives. (Allmovie)

Betty and Victor are a pair of scam artists. One day Betty brings in Maurice, a treasurer of a multinational company... (imdb)

A humoristic view of the lives of Marie and Pierre Curie and their discoveries around radioactivity. (imdb)

Michael Cimino's bleak anti-western based on events in 1890s Wyoming. Sheriff James Averill attempts to protect immigrant farmers from wealthy cattle interests, and also clashes with a hired gun, Nathan Champion, over the woman they both love (imdb)

An examination of sexual relationships, in which three protagonists interact in different combinations. (imdb)

A magistrate investigates a corporate executive. (imdb)

This movie tells the story of a family collapsing on its own equilibrium. (IMDB Comments)

On a movie set, in a factory, and at a hotel, Godard explores the nature of work, love and film making... (imdb)

Two whimsical, aimless thugs harass and assault women, steal, murder, and alternately charm, fight, or sprint their way out of trouble. They take whatever the bourgeois characters value: whether it's cars, peace of mind, or daughters. Marie-Ange, a jaded, passive hairdresser, joins them as lover, cook, and mother confessor. She's on her own search for seemingly unattainable sexual pleasure. (imdb)

Louise, younger sister, natural and straightforward, lives in province; Martine, older sister, beautiful and aloof, lives in the Parisian upper middle class. Louise has written a novel. On Monday she will go for an appointment with a publisher in Paris, which may change her life. She comes to live with Martine for three days. During three days, Louise and her obvious happiness exasperate Martine and set her life in glares..... (imdb)

Claude Chabrol's Violette was based on the true story of 19-year-old Violette Noziere, who in the 1930s was tried and convicted for the poisoning of her father and the attempted murder of her mother. (All Movie Guide)

Today, Camille turns nine. He had sworn that on his 9th birthday he would show his parents the videos he was shooting on the side-the tail of a cat scampering away, a window, and a veiled woman's face - an intriguing picture... Later that day, Camille's mother, Ariane, meets up with her son in the park. The boys appears perturbed. He is leaning against a tree, eyes cast down. He says that now he wants to return to his "real home" and his "real mother." (imdb)

In a bold coup a Palestinian terrorist group capers the yacht Rosebud and kidnaps the 5 millionaires daughters on it. At first they demand film clips to be shown on major European TV stations. Undercover agent Martin is hired to hunt the terrorists down. (imdb)

Terry is having an affair with his boss' wife Sylvia. One night after an office party they are together and Sylvia witnesses an attack on Denise from Terry's bedroom window. She doesn't want to expose their relationship and so is reluctant about talking to the police. Terry, wanting to help, gives the police the description of the attacker. He soon becomes the main suspect in the case. He then sets to find the real rapist/killer with some help from victim Denise. (imdb)

La Truite opens to the unedifying sight of a glum-faced Isabelle Huppert squeezing sperm out of a dead fish. (imdb)

France, 1893. Joseph Bouvier, a former Sergeant in the French military, shoots his beloved and attempts to kill himself. Having survived with two bullets in his brain, he is released from the Dole medical facility. Then begins a five-year period of wandering on the roads of the South East of France, during which Bouvier rapes and eventually kills two dozen defenseless shepherds and farm servants of both sexes. (imdb)

Life for an isolated rural family is upended when a major highway next to their property, constructed 10 years before but apparently abandoned, is finally opened.

A troubled mother's spirit crumbles when her adult children strike out for independence. Feeling abandoned she contemplates taking drastic action. (imdb)

A young woman is questioned by the police and the judges, suspected of being a modern witch. The girl who shared her apartment has been found dead, and a pair of scissors impaled through her heart, as she lay attached to the bedposts. Apparently, the girl does have powers, to make all people around her fall prey to her spell, slipping progressively into desire, lust, and the unknown. (imdb)

Early in the 19th century, Edward and Carlotta, in love 20 years ago, find each other and marry. After a year's bliss at his Tuscan villa, Edward begs to invite Otto, an architect and friend, to join them. She has forebodings of disaster, but relents. Otto arrives, and to balance the dynamics, Carlotta invites her teenage godchild Ottilia to join them. (imdb)

As every summer, Georges Lajoie, his wife Ginette and grown-up son Léon go on holiday to Loulou's campsite. They join old friends, the Schumachers and the Colins. Brigitte Colin, the daughter, is quite a pretty young girl now. One day, Georges rapes and murders her. He hides the body near the barracks of the immigrant Arab workers. The racism of the campers will do the rest... A virulent lampoon against the average Frenchman's racism. (imdb)

This sometimes confusing erotic drama about the incestuous relationship of a mother and daughter is based on the autobiography of Italian theater actress Piera Degli Esposti though it focuses more on her mother Eugenia.

In 1942 in occupied France, a Jewish refugee (Lena Weber) marries a soldier (Michel Korski) to escape deportation to Germany. Meanwhile a wealthy art student (Madeleine) loses her first husband to a stray Resistance bullet; at the Liberation she meets an actor (Costa Segara), gets pregnant, and marries him. Lena and Madeleine meet at their children's school in Lyon in 1952 and the intensity of their relationship strains both their marriages to the breaking point. (imdb)

Denis revisits Africa, this time exploring a place rife with civil and racial conflict. A white French family outlawed in its home and attempting to save its coffee plantation connects with a black hero also embroiled in the tumult. All try to survive as their world rapidly crumbles around them. (imdb)

A fascinating insight into the working methods of a true auteur (imdb)

Alphonsine, growing up motherless in absolute poverty, goes alone to Paris and finds work as a seamstress. In the evening most of the girls she works with are whores but one is a cloakroom attendant at the opera house and takes her there to help. Seeing high society on display fills her with the desire to join their world. (Wikipedia)

Villa Amalia is the story of Ann, a musician, whose life is turned upside down by a kiss. When she sees Thomas kissing another woman, Ann makes a clean break, leaving him and everything else far behind her. Suddenly unsure of everything, Ann knows only that she must change her life and become someone else to find herself. With her music and the friendship of Georges, who pops out of her distant past, she sets off on a journey that will take her to an island where Villa Amalia stands. (imdb)

This political drama is taken from the classic story from Feodor Dostoyevsky, but liberties have been taken and many secondary characters eliminated. The author's condemnation of a godless society and his disdain of those who follow blindly to popular political causes remains intact. (Dan Pavlides, All Movie Guide)

Boldly unconventional and cheerful Babou, never have cared about social conventions, she is suddenly faced with the realization that her own daughter is ashamed of her and therefore refuses to invite her to her wedding. Hurt in her pride, Babou tries to regain her daughter's respect by starting anew. She accepts the challenge of selling time-sharing-flats at the Belgian seaside during the off-season, in a desperate attempt to prove her real worth and her motherly love to her daughter. (imdb)

In a remote English village of the 1840s, three sisters - Charlotte, Emily and Anne - live a simple life with their brother, Branwell, and their father, the pastor Patrick Brontë. Although compelled to take up posts as governesses or private tutors, the four loyal siblings continue to nurture their artistic aspirations. Branwell's poems are beginning to interest other writers and each of the three sisters has published a successful novel. But then tragedy strikes.

In public, Vic Allen puts up with his wife Mélanie's amorous games, showing an outward attitude of acceptance. However, he scares away one of her prospective lovers by telling the poor guy that he killed one of his predecessors. In fact, he did not, and soon the actual perpetrator is found. Later, when Vic feels that Mélanie is becoming too seriously involved, he actually resorts to murders. Despite her ever-increasing suspicion, Mélanie finds it impossible to prove his guilt.

In Werner Schroeter's very free interpretation of Ingeborg Bachmann's novel "Malina" (1971), the main character has no name, but appears in four reflections, two of them are the male main characters Malina and Ivan. Moreover, Schroeder used even two light-doubles for a famous mirror scene in which the female character appears in a "chiastic" and thus non-Aristotelian relation. (imdb)

In France during the 70s, drama unravels when an experimental photographer starts taking highly erotic pictures of her nine year old daughter.

A "happily" married bourgeois couple suddenly find their lives turned upside down when a breezy worker is hired to do some renovations in their apartment. In this light-hearted comedy, everyone finds a new life, and some have second thoughts. (tiff.net)

Drawing some intriguing parallels between the work of the prostitute and that of the psychiatrist-both have clients, both charge for sessions, both take on roles that serve the needs, psychological or otherwise, of those they serve, Jeanne Labrune's drama stars Isabelle Huppert and Bouli Lanners as, respectively, Alice, a disaffected call girl and Xavier, a shrink with a crumbling domestic situation... (Palm Springs Film Festival)

Irene moves to Paris to begin a new life with her husband Jason and their two daughters, but an act of betrayal and her desire for revenge soon sends her to the brink of madness. A modern adaptation of Medea. (imdb)

Rosalie is amicably divorced, dividing her time between her mother's house, with her siblings and small daughter, and César's. He's self made, a scrap iron king, outgoing, amiable, in love with her. Enter David, an artist and Rosalie's flame before her marriage. In a quiet, brooding way, he seeks to reclaim Rosalie. César's jealous outbursts and attempts at cunning backfire and send Rosalie into David's arms. César keeps trying: he buys Rosalie's childhood seaside vacation home as a gift, win (imdb)

A dozen foreigners are kidnapped by a terrorist group in the Philippines. (imdb)

Half a century after he and his New Wave compatriots--Jean-Luc Godard, Eric Rohmer, Francois Truffaut and Jacques Rivette--reinvented French cinema, Claude Chabrol remains one of France's most active filmmakers. Focusing on the man rather than a retrospective of his more than 50 films, filmmaker Patrick Le Gall delves into the personality behind such disturbing classics as Le Beau Serge (1957), Le Boucher (1969), Violette Nozière (1978) and La Cérémonie (1995). (Sundance)

In the film, there are three women named Anne who each consecutively visit a seaside town. They each stay at the same small hotel by the shore and venture onto the beach where each of the Annes meet a group of the same people including a certain lifeguard who restlessly wanders up and down the beach. (mubi.com)

Georges and Anne are in their eighties. They are cultivated, retired music teachers. Their daughter, who is also a musician, lives abroad with her family. One day, Anne has an attack. The couple's bond of love is severely tested. (imdb)

It is impossible not to be shocked by this movie, focused on a very delicate theme, and on three female characters. An over the top (and very courageous) Isabelle Huppert plays the main role of Danielle, a mother who hates her daughter in a visceral way, and has spent her whole life between indifference and sense of guilt, but incapable of elaborating her suffering condition. (imdb)

In this standard Hungarian drama, the effects of sterility and jealousy on a marriage are played out against a backdrop of World War II and the rising Nazi persecution of Jews. (movies.nytimes.com)

The painful life of a mentally unstable but highly gifted woman is unveiled in this film, based on episodes from the life of an actual person. Aloise (Delphine Seyrig) creates a series of haunting drawings while she is incarcerated in an institution for the insane in turn-of-the-century Switzerland. She endures torments as a musically gifted girl and later as a young woman; her developing madness and the barbaric treatments of the time are shown. (allmovie.com)

Italian master Marco Bellocchio (Fists in the Pocket, Good Morning, Night, Vincere) offers a multi-faceted exploration of the thorny issue of euthanasia in this response to Italy's famous Eluana Englaro controversy. (tiff.net)

A Doctor's (Annie Girardot) tribulations at work and home take a toll when she develops lung cancer.

In New York City, a crime lord's right-hand man is seduced by one of his boss's victims, a woman seeking retribution. (imdb)

France, in the 1760s. Born to a bourgeois family, Suzanne (Pauline Etienne) is a beautiful young girl with a natural talent for music who longs to live in society. She is at a loss when her parents send her off to a convent, expecting her to become a nun. (mubi.com)

Bright interior, dark outside. Two women, struggling against external hostility and internal demons. Playing with the mood of Alfred Hitchcock's Trouble With Harry, Serge Bozon invites us in an exhilarating and recreational English crime comedy style. (mubi.com)

An extraordinary collaboration between two legends of French cinema, Catherine Breillat's brutally candid autobiographical drama stars Isabelle Huppert as a stroke-afflicted filmmaker manipulated by a notorious con man. (tiff.net)

New French translation of Myrto Gondicas and Pierre Judet de la Combe. Recorded in the Cour d'Honneur du Palais des Papes in Avignon in 2000. (worldcat.org)

One couple's story as they try to reclaim the life and love they once knew and pick up the pieces of a past that may be too far gone. (imdb)

Told from the male perspective, the story of a couple trying to reclaim the life and love they once knew and pick up the pieces of a past that may be too far gone. (imdb)

Told from the female perspective, the story of a couple trying to reclaim the life and love they once knew and pick up the pieces of a past that may be too far gone. (imdb)

Brigitte and Xavier are a couple of cattle farmers living and working together in Normandy. They have always got on well but now that their two children have left the household routine and weariness have set in. One night, Brigitte, who has been invited to a party by a group of Parisians in the house next to their farm, lets herself be wooed by Stan, a witty, cool attractive young man. Some time later, giving a visit to a dermatologist as an excuse, she goes to Paris to meet him. (imdb)

An impoverished woman who has been forced to choose between a privileged life with her wealthy aunt and her journalist lover, befriends an American heiress. When she discovers the heiress is attracted to her own lover and is dying, she sees a chance to have both the privileged life she cannot give up and the lover she cannot live without. (imdb)

The fractious family of a father and his two sons confront their different feelings and memories of their deceased wife and mother, a famed war photographer. (imdb)

Improbable encounters bring tenderness, laughter and compassion to a world of urban alienation. (imdb)

Isabelle and Gérard go to a strange appointment in Death Valley, California. They have not seen each other for years and are here to answer to an invitation from their son Michael, a photographer, which they received after his suicide, six months ago. (imdb)

Nathalie teaches philosophy at a high school in Paris. She is passionate about her job and particularly enjoys passing on the pleasure of thinking. Married with two children, she divides her time between her family, former students and her very possessive mother. One day, Nathalie's husband announces he is leaving her for another woman. With freedom thrust upon her, Nathalie must reinvent her life. (imdb)

Attracted to a policeman, a mobster's girlfriend considers her options. (imdb)

Michèle seems indestructible. Head of a successful video game company, she brings the same ruthless attitude to her love life as to business. Being attacked in her home by an unknown assailant changes Michèle's life forever. When she resolutely tracks the man down, they are both drawn into a curious and thrilling game-a game that may, at any moment, spiral out of control. (imdb)

In his career, spanning nearly fifty years, Paul Verhoeven managed to fascinate audiences time and again with movies in which the themes sex and violence play first fiddle. For director Elisabeth Van Zijll Langhout, Verhoeven's first French film Elle forms the starting point of an extensive exploration of this director's work. In an interview, Verhoeven looks back on his oeuvre, from Floris (1969) to Turks Fruit (1973) and from Basic Instinct (1992) to Zwartboek (2006). (filmfestival.nl)

A forgotten European Song Contest singer, fading away in a pâté factory, falls in love with a young aspiring boxer. Together they decide to attempt her comeback. (imdb)

After ten years abroad, Catherine returns to Luxembourg to catch up with her daughter Alba, brought up by Catherine's mother Elisabeth. She then kidnaps Alba and takes her on a trip to a lake up North. (imdb)

About a part time high school teacher and writer. (imdb)

A drama about a family set in Calais with the European refugee crisis as the backdrop. (imdb)

The screenplay centers around Mrs. Géquil, an eccentric teacher who is despised by her colleagues and her students. One stormy night, she is struck by lightning and faints. When she comes to, she feels completely different... but will Mrs. Géquil be able to control the powerful and dangerous Mrs. Hyde who also now lives inside her? (Cineuropa)

Dorante (Garrel) is a tenebrous and financially ruined young man who has the good fortune to become the private secretary of the fair-haired Araminte (Huppert), a rich widow. The latter is destined by her imperious mother, Madame Argan (Ogier), to marry the Count Dorimont to avoid entering a protracted legal battle with the Count over a piece of land. (hollywoodreporter.com)

The story revolves around Martin Clément, born Marvin Bijou, who ran away from his hometown and his family. He retells his story through a stage play that proves to be a smash hit. But at what price? (Cineuropa)

A playwright encounters a mysterious woman when he takes shelter in a chalet during a violent snowstorm. (imdb)

Sarah has settled into a more or less normal life in Milan after her lover, a much-wanted terrorist, left the scene. Her life becomes complicated indeed when she becomes aware that he is about to return. The difficulty is that not only is she aware of this, but the police and various underworld groups are also. How is she to protect her own life under the circumstances, much less keep her lover from falling prey to the various traps that are being set for him?

A contemporary anthology series set around the globe featuring eight separate stories about people who believe themselves to be descendants of the Russian royal family. (imdb)

A young woman befriends a lonely widow. (imdb)

Three generations grappling with a life-changing experience during one day of a vacation in Sintra, Portugal, a historic town known for its dense gardens and fairy-tale villas and palaces.

Claire, a beautiful young woman works at her late father's hotel that is now managed by her evil stepmother Maud. Claire unwittingly sparks uncontrollable jealousy in Maud, whose young lover has fallen in love with Claire. Maud decides to get rid of Claire who finds shelter in a farm where she's allowed to break free from her strict upbringing through encounters with seven "princes." (imdb)

Nora starts a new job only to find that her new boss and his wife know her dad from his college days, which leads to conflicts at work. (imdb)

A translator working for the police gets involved in the other side of drug dealing. (imdb)

A woman who injured her eyes in car accident and a young blind man fall for each other. Is sight the only way to see the world? (imdb)

A story that revolves around Clemence who's in the final stage of her political career as a Mayor of Parisian suburbs. (imdb)

Overwhelmed when a figure from her past reemerges, Joan Verra retreats to the countryside with her son Nathan. There she experiences fragmented recollections of her past romantic encounters.

A widowed cleaning lady in 1950s London falls madly in love with a couture Dior dress, and decides that she must have one of her own.

Follows a donkey who encounters on his journeys good and bad people, experiences joy and pain, exploring a vision of modern Europe through his eyes.

A 17-year-old high school student, Jenny Kern, is found dead from cold and exhaustion in the suburbs of Lausanne, Switzerland. (imdb)

The Catholic Church secretly investigates Caravaggio as the Pope weighs whether to grant him clemency for killing a rival.

THE SITTING DUCK is the true story of Maureen Kearney, the head union representative of a French multinational nuclear powerhouse. She became a whistle-blower, denouncing top-secret deals that shook the French nuclear sector. Her life was turned upside down when she was violently assaulted in her own home... The investigation is carried out under pressure: the subject is sensitive. Suddenly, new elements create doubt in the minds of the investigators. At first a victim, Maureen becomes a suspect

When Madeleine is accused of killing a renowned film producer who attempted to take advantage of her, she finds herself thrust into the limelight, facing public scrutiny and the relentless pursuit of justice. Despite the overwhelming evidence against her, Madeleine maintains her innocence, insisting that she acted in self-defense.

While on a book tour in Japan, Sidonie Perceval, still haunted by the ghost of her late husband, begins an affair with her mysterious Japanese publisher. (imdb)

A French woman, who initially played a child’s recorder in a park and faced financial struggles, eventually became a French teacher for two women, finding solace in lying down on rocks and relying on makkeolli for comfort.

Alma, alone in her big townhouse, and Mina, a single mother from a housing project in another city, have organized their lives around the prison visits they make to their respective partners. When the two women meet in the room outside the visiting area, an unlikely friendship begins…

Lucie is a forensic specialist close to retirement. Her solitary daily routine is disrupted by the arrival in her housing estate of a young couple, parents of a little girl. As she grows fond of her new neighbors, she discovers that Yann, the father, is an anti-police activist with a long criminal record. Lucie's moral conflict between her professional conscience and her desire to help this family will make her certainties waver.